Obesity is a complex, chronic health condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation that poses a risk to overall health. It is typically defined using the Body Mass Index (BMI), with a BMI of 30 or higher indicating obesity. Obesity is not merely a cosmetic issue—it significantly increases the risk of numerous serious diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, certain cancers, and osteoarthritis.
The causes of obesity are multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic, behavioral, environmental, and metabolic factors. Consuming more calories than the body uses, especially from high-fat and high-sugar foods, along with a sedentary lifestyle, are major contributors. However, psychological factors such as stress, depression, and emotional eating, as well as socioeconomic influences, can also play a significant role.
Children and adults alike are affected by obesity, making it a major public health concern worldwide. The prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades due to changes in food availability, decreased physical activity, and increased reliance on technology and convenience.
Effective management of obesity involves lifestyle changes, including a healthy, balanced diet and regular physical activity. Behavioral therapies, medications, and in some cases, bariatric surgery may be necessary for individuals who do not respond to conventional treatments.
Preventing obesity requires a collective effort—individual choices supported by community policies, public health initiatives, and education. Raising awareness, promoting healthy eating habits, encouraging active lifestyles, and addressing social determinants are essential steps in combating the global obesity epidemic and improving long-term health outcomes.
