The gut-brain connection refers to the complex communication network between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis. This bi-directional system links emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with intestinal functions through neural, hormonal, and immune pathways. The vagus nerve, a major nerve in the parasympathetic nervous system, plays a key role in transmitting signals between the brain and the gut. The gut is often called the “second brain” because it contains its own network of neurons—the enteric nervous system (ENS)—which can operate independently of the central nervous system. This system regulates digestion, motility, and even the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, 90% of which is produced in the gut. A healthy gut microbiome—the community of trillions of bacteria in the intestines—also influences mood, stress response, and cognitive function. Imbalances in gut bacteria (dysbiosis) have been linked to conditions like anxiety, depression, and neurodegenerative disorders. Maintaining gut-brain health involves a diet rich in prebiotics and probiotics, regular physical activity, quality sleep, and effective stress management. Understanding and supporting this powerful axis is essential for improving both mental and digestive health, highlighting the profound connection between the gut and the mind.