Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, specifically motor neurons responsible for voluntary muscle movement. As these motor neurons degenerate and die, the brain loses its ability to initiate and control muscle movements, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and eventually paralysis.The exact cause of ALS is not fully understood, but both genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. In about 5–10% of cases, ALS is inherited (familial ALS), while the remaining 90–95% are sporadic, occurring without a clear family history. Risk factors may include age (most common between 40 and 70), gender (slightly more common in men), and exposure to certain toxins.Early symptoms of ALS may include muscle twitching, weakness in the limbs, slurred speech, or difficulty swallowing. As the disease progresses, individuals may lose the ability to walk, speak, eat, and eventually breathe. Despite the loss of motor function, cognitive abilities are often preserved.There is currently no cure for ALS, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms, improving quality of life, and prolonging survival. Medications like riluzole and edaravone can modestly slow disease progression. Supportive therapies, such as physical therapy, speech therapy, and assistive devices, play a crucial role in care.Ongoing research and awareness efforts continue in hopes of better understanding ALS, improving treatment options, and ultimately finding a cure for this devastating disease.